Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The increased ionic strength reduces the thickness of the electrical double layer around colloidal particles, and therefore the stability of emulsions and suspensions. [87] The chemical identity of the ions added is also important in many uses. For example, fluoride containing compounds are dissolved to supply fluoride ions for water ...
In most cases the formula representing a formula unit will also be an empirical formula, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) or sodium chloride (NaCl), but it is not always the case. For example, the ionic compounds potassium persulfate ( K 2 S 2 O 8 ), mercury(I) nitrate Hg 2 (NO 3 ) 2 , and sodium peroxide Na 2 O 2 , have empirical formulas of ...
When writing the chemical formula for an ion, its net charge is written in superscript immediately after the chemical structure for the molecule/atom. The net charge is written with the magnitude before the sign; that is, a doubly charged cation is indicated as 2+ instead of +2 .
For example, Na–Cl and Mg–O interactions have a few percent covalency, while Si–O bonds are usually ~50% ionic and ~50% covalent. Pauling estimated that an electronegativity difference of 1.7 (on the Pauling scale ) corresponds to 50% ionic character, so that a difference greater than 1.7 corresponds to a bond which is predominantly ionic.
An example is the condensed molecular/chemical formula for ethanol, which is CH 3 −CH 2 −OH or CH 3 CH 2 OH. However, even a condensed chemical formula is necessarily limited in its ability to show complex bonding relationships between atoms, especially atoms that have bonds to four or more different substituents.
Chemical formula Synonyms CAS number CAgO carbonylsilver: CCl 2 F 2: dichlorodifluoromethane freon-12: 75-71-8 CCl 4: carbon tetrachloride tetrachloromethane: 56-23-5 C(CN) 4: tetracyanomethane: 24331-09-7 CFCl 3: trichlorofluoromethane freon-11: 75-69-4 CFCl 2 CF 2 Cl: chlorotrifluoromethane freon-13: 75-72-9 CHCl 3: chloroform ...
The molar ionic strength, I, of a solution is a function of the concentration of all ions present in that solution. [3]= = where one half is because we are including both cations and anions, c i is the molar concentration of ion i (M, mol/L), z i is the charge number of that ion, and the sum is taken over all ions in the solution.
Chloride is an anionic species, and its formula is Cl −. [7] Radical species: Molecules or atoms with unpaired electrons. Triarlborane anion is a radical species and its formula is Ar3B − [8] [9] Chemicals can be two different types of species. For example, nitrate is a molecular and ionic species, with its formula being NO 3 −.