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The largest objects that orbit the Sun are the eight planets. In order from ... The temperature, ... astronomers to calculate the average Earth–Sun distance as ...
[13] [14] Similarly, Earth has an effective temperature of 255 K (−18 °C; −1 °F), [14] but a surface temperature of about 288 K (15 °C; 59 °F) [15] due to the greenhouse effect in our lower atmosphere. [5] [4] The surface temperatures of such planets are more accurately estimated by modeling thermal radiation transport through the ...
Earth has an albedo of about 0.306 and a solar irradiance (L / 4 π D 2) of 1361 W m −2 at its mean orbital radius of 1.5×10 8 km. The calculation with ε=1 and remaining physical constants then gives an Earth effective temperature of 254 K (−19 °C). [11] The actual temperature of Earth's surface is an average 288 K (15 °C) as of 2020. [12]
The planet receives about 1.6 times more energy from its star than Earth does from the sun, scientists said. The planet has an average estimated surface temperature only 50°F warmer than Earth’s.
On the dark side of the planet, temperatures average 110 K. [15] [82] The intensity of sunlight on Mercury's surface ranges between 4.59 and 10.61 times the solar constant (1,370 W·m −2). [83] Although daylight temperatures at the surface of Mercury are generally extremely high, observations strongly suggest that ice (frozen water) exists on ...
Average density Average temperature Average surface gravity; Lowest ... 332,830 M Earth Sun [26] [27] 695,000 km Sun ... The Nine Planets, ...
Global surface temperature (GST) is the average temperature of Earth's surface. More precisely, it is the weighted average of the temperatures over the ocean and land. The former is also called sea surface temperature and the latter is called surface air temperature. Temperature data comes mainly from weather stations and satellites.
The planet has 6.9 Earth masses and 1.8–2.4 Earth radii, and with its close orbit receives 40 percent more stellar radiation than Earth, leading to surface temperatures of about 60° C. [ 144 ] [ 145 ] [ 146 ] HD 40307 g , a candidate planet tentatively discovered in November 2012, is in the circumstellar habitable zone of HD 40307 . [ 147 ]