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Under the tenure systems adopted by many universities and colleges in the United States and Canada, some faculty positions have tenure and some do not. Typical systems (such as the widely adopted "1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure" of the American Association of University Professors [5]) allow only a limited period to establish a record of published research, ability ...
Tenure was introduced into American universities in the early 1900s in part to prevent the arbitrary dismissal of faculty members who expressed unpopular views. [ 1 ] One notable instance was the case of the resignation of Brown University president Elisha Andrews , who advocated silver coinage to reduce the impact on Americans and farmers who ...
Traditionally, Assistant Professor has been the usual entry-level rank for faculty on the "tenure track", although this depends on the institution and the field.Then, promotion to the rank of Associate Professor and later Professor (informally, "Full Professor") indicates that significant work has been done in research, teaching and institutional service.
Teacher tenure is a policy that restricts the ability to fire teachers, requiring a "just cause" rationale for firing. [1] The individual states each have established their own tenure systems. [2] Tenure provides teachers with protections by making it difficult to fire teachers who earn tenure.
The association suggests that "The principles of Academic Freedom and Tenure" date back to a 1925 conference. [12] R. M. O'Neil's history suggests that the formal origins of the statement of academic freedom in the United States begins with an earlier 1915 "declaration of principles," when the "fledgling" AAUP first convened. [13]
The Oneida Institute of Science and Industry (founded 1827) was the first institution of higher education to routinely admit African-American men and provide mixed-race college-level education. [130] Oberlin College (founded 1833) was the first mainly white, degree-granting college to admit African-American students. [ 131 ]
A Documentary History of Education in the South Before 1860 (5 vol 1952); vol 5 online; Thelin, John R. ed. Essential documents in the history of American higher education (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014) online; Willis, George, Robert V. Bullough, and John T. Holton, eds. The American Curriculum: A Documentary History (1992)
Anderson, James D. "Northern foundations and the shaping of southern Black rural education, 1902–1935." History of Education Quarterly 18.4 (1978): 371–396. Anderson, James D. The education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935 (U of North Carolina Press, 2010). online; Bond, Horace Mann. Negro Education in Alabama: A Study in Cotton and Steel ...