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Target costing and target value design have applications in building healthcare facilities including critical components such as Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). The process is influenced by unit locations, degree of comfort, number of patients per room, type of supply location and access to nature. [ 16 ]
Lean Construction is a “way to design production systems to minimize waste of materials, time, and effort in order to generate the maximum possible amount of value," (Koskela et al. 2002 [1]). Designing a production system to achieve the stated ends is only possible through the collaboration of all project participants (Owner, A/E ...
In cybernetics and control theory, a setpoint (SP; [1] also set point) is the desired or target value for an essential variable, or process value (PV) of a control system, [2] which may differ from the actual measured value of the variable.
Design-to-Cost (DTC), as part of cost management techniques, describes a systematic approach to controlling the costs of product development and manufacturing.The basic idea is that costs are designed "into the product", even from the earliest concept decisions on and are difficult to remove later.
The customer experiences a loss of quality the moment product specification deviates from the 'target value'. This 'loss' is depicted by a quality loss function and it follows a parabolic curve mathematically given by L = k ( y–m ) 2 , where m is the theoretical 'target value' or 'mean value' and y is the actual size of the product, k is a ...
Design to cost (Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 467–494; VDI2234; VDI 2235), see Target costing, Value engineering; Design to standards (Pahl and Beitz, 1996:349–356), see Interchangeable parts, product modularity, product architecture, product platform; Design Guidelines Design for assembly (Bralla, 1996: 127–136), (Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 340–349)
The standard was developed over a five-year period based on the initial work published in "Ethical IT innovation: A value-based system design approach" in 2015. [2] Similar to value sensitive design, the standard's intent is to provide a framework for the consideration of human values and ethical concerns. [3]
Value engineering can lead to the substitution of lower-cost materials, as with the exterior cladding that accelerated the Grenfell Tower fire in London. [1] [2]Value engineering (VE) is a systematic analysis of the functions of various components and materials to lower the cost of goods, products and services with a tolerable loss of performance or functionality.