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Underwater camouflage is the set of methods of achieving crypsis—avoidance of observation—that allows otherwise visible aquatic organisms to remain unnoticed by other organisms such as predators or prey. Camouflage in large bodies of water differs markedly from camouflage on land. The environment is essentially the same on all sides.
In the sea, counter-illumination is one of three dominant methods of underwater camouflage, the other two being transparency and silvering. [1] Among marine animals, especially crustaceans , cephalopods , and fish , counter-illumination camouflage occurs where bioluminescent light from photophores on an organism 's ventral surface is matched to ...
For example, countershading is very common among land animals, but not for military camouflage. The dominant camouflage methods on land are countershading and disruptive coloration, supported by less frequent usage of many other methods. [4] The dominant camouflage methods in the open ocean are transparency, [5] reflection, and ...
Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see, or by disguising them as something else. Examples include the leopard's spotted coat, the battledress of a modern soldier, and the leaf-mimic katydid's wings. A third approach, motion dazzle ...
Thayer's 1902 patent application. He failed to convince the US Navy. The English zoologist Edward Bagnall Poulton, author of The Colours of Animals (1890) discovered the countershading of various insects, including the pupa or chrysalis of the purple emperor butterfly, Apatura iris, [2] the caterpillar larvae of the brimstone moth, Opisthograptis luteolata [a] and of the peppered moth, Biston ...
Active camouflage by color change is used by many bottom-living flatfish such as plaice, sole, and flounder that actively copy the patterns and colors of the seafloor below them. [3] For example, the tropical flounder Bothus ocellatus can match its pattern to "a wide range of background textures" [9] in 2–8 seconds. [9]
And like all other examples of camouflage, aircraft patterns vary widely between countries, aircraft, historical period, and the location that the aircraft was being deployed to.
Marine camouflage may refer to: Underwater camouflage in marine animals, by any of a variety of methods Ship camouflage , including dazzle camouflage and disruptive camouflage