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Though not much is known about their wine trade, they did become known for their taverns. Wine in general found an industrial use in the medieval Middle East as feedstock after advances in distillation by Muslim alchemists allowed for the production of relatively pure ethanol, which was used in the perfume industry. Wine was also for the first ...
In the Middle Ages, transportation of heavy wooden barrels of wine over land was a costly and risky proposition. Wine regions close to easily navigable rivers, such as the Loire and Garonne , found the possibility of trade to other regions and outside France more attainable and profitable while more isolated and landlocked regions like Burgundy ...
People in Northern Spain were making cider around the same time period. [15] [16] Celtic people were known to have been making types of alcoholic cider as early as 3000 BC. [17] [18] Wine was consumed in Classical Greece at breakfast or at symposia, and in the 1st century BC it was part of the diet of most Roman citizens. Both the Greeks and ...
Philistine pottery beer jug. Beer is one of the oldest human-produced drinks. The written history of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia records the use of beer, and the drink has spread throughout the world; a 3,900-year-old Sumerian poem honouring Ninkasi, the patron goddess of brewing, contains the oldest surviving beer-recipe, describing the production of beer from barley bread, and in China ...
The Egyptian Jewish communities of the medieval period used wine sacramentally in feasts, prayers, and at holy events, and also prescribed its use in Talmudic medicine. As the wine had to be prepared according to Jewish doctrine, only Jews could undertake its preparation, so a “ramified wine-trade was a necessity of life.” [5] According to the documents of the Cairo Geniza, which mainly ...
An old horizontal wine press that used wooden planks and a square base to exert pressure on the grape skins. In the Middle Ages, most winemaking technology advances were made by religious orders (particularly in France and Germany) who owned vast amounts of vineyard land and produced large quantities of wines in their abbeys and bishoprics. It ...
Food in Change: Eating Habits from the Middle Ages to the Present Day. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers. ISBN 0-85976-145-2. S2CID 160758319. Cipolla, Carlo M., ed. (1972). The Fontana Economic History of Europe: The Middle Ages. London: Collins. ISBN 0-00-632841-5. Freedman, Paul (2008). Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination ...
The process of making wine in ancient Rome began immediately after the harvest with treading the grapes (often by foot), in a manner similar to the French pigeage. The juice thus expressed was the most highly prized and kept separate from what would later come from pressing the grape.