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The equator is divided into 360 degrees of longitude, so each degree at the equator represents 111,319.5 metres (365,221 ft). As one moves away from the equator towards a pole, however, one degree of longitude is multiplied by the cosine of the latitude, decreasing the distance, approaching zero at the pole.
1.852 km – 1 nautical mile, equal to 1 arcminute of latitude at the surface of the Earth [139] 1.991 km – span of the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge [ 140 ] 2.309 km – axial length of the Three Gorges Dam , the largest dam in the world located in China [ 34 ]
The equator is the circle of latitude that divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude, about 40,075 km (24,901 mi) in circumference, halfway between the North and South poles. [1] The term can also be used for any other celestial body that is roughly spherical.
Thus, a level being 5 magnitudes brighter than another indicates that it is a factor of () = times brighter: that is, two base 10 orders of magnitude. This series of magnitudes forms a logarithmic scale with a base of 100 5 {\displaystyle {\sqrt[{5}]{100}}} .
A derived unit is used for expressing any other quantity, and is a product of powers of base units. For example, in the modern metric system, length has the unit metre and time has the unit second, and speed has the derived unit metre per second. [5]: 15 Density, or mass per unit volume, has the unit kilogram per cubic metre. [5]: 434
Geographical distance or geodetic distance is the distance measured along the surface of the Earth, or the shortest arch length.. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude.
(This is a good example of a borderline case, as the latitude is quite close to 37.5°, the midpoint between 30° and 45°. If the Park were a mere 25 miles to the south, you would use the 30° column instead, yielding a different precision: d.dd°. You could opt for that precision instead, giving 37.85, −119.56.
where φ (°) = φ / 1° is φ expressed in degrees (and similarly for β (°)). On the ellipsoid the exact distance between parallels at φ 1 and φ 2 is m(φ 1) − m(φ 2). For WGS84 an approximate expression for the distance Δm between the two parallels at ±0.5° from the circle at latitude φ is given by