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Economics (/ ˌ ɛ k ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ k s, ˌ iː k ə-/) [1] [2] is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work.
The chapter on welfare economics "attempt(s) to give a brief but fairly complete survey of the whole field of welfare economics" (Samuelson, 1947, p. 252). It also exposits on and develops what became commonly called the Bergson –Samuelson social welfare function .
Home bias in trade puzzle: The home bias in trade puzzle is an empirical observation that even when factors such as economic size of trading partners and the distance between them are considered, trade between regions within a given country is substantially greater than trade between regions in different countries, even when there are no substantial legal barriers.
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
Political economy – branch of political science and economics studying economic systems (e.g. markets and national economies) and their governance by political systems (e.g. law, institutions, and government) Socioeconomics – branch of economics that focuses on the interrelationship between economic activity and social behavior.
The solution to these problems is important because of the "fundamental fact of economic institution life" that ... [ 2 ] "The economic problem, "the struggle for subsistence", always has been hitherto primary, most pressing problem of the human race- not only of the human race, but of the whole of the biological kingdom from the beginnings of ...
An example would be a factory increasing its saleable product, but also increasing its CO 2 production, for the same input increase. [2] The law of diminishing returns is a fundamental principle of both micro and macro economics and it plays a central role in production theory. [5]
Income growth can also take place without innovation through replication of established technologies. With only replication and without innovation, output will increase in proportion to inputs. (Jorgenson et al. 2014, 2) This is the case of income growth through production volume growth. Jorgenson et al. (2014, 2) give an empiric example.