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Transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) are areas of enhancement during the arterial phase of contrast CT of the liver. THAD is thought to be a physiological phenomenon resulting from regional variation in the blood supply by the portal vein and/or the hepatic artery .
Hepatolithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the biliary ducts of the liver. Treatment is usually surgical. It is rare in Western countries, but prevalent in East Asia. [1] The gallstones are normally found proximal to the left and right hepatic ducts. The causes of the disease are poorly understood, but it is suspected that genetics, diets ...
Focal fatty liver (FFL) is localised or patchy process of lipid accumulation in the liver. [1] It is likely to have different pathogenesis than non-alcoholic steatohepatitis which is a diffuse process. FFL may result from altered venous flow to liver, tissue hypoxia and malabsorption of lipoproteins.
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a vascular disease of the liver that occurs when a blood clot occurs in the hepatic portal vein, which can lead to increased pressure in the portal vein system and reduced blood supply to the liver. The mortality rate is approximately 1 in 10. [1]
Differential diagnosis SVC syndrome (indirect) A hot quadrate sign is an imaging appearance of increased enhancement in CT scans or MRI, or radiotracer accumulation in nuclear medicine , in which there is enhancement of the quadrate lobe of the liver .
The main symptoms are usually related to the symptoms of liver cirrhosis and ascites. [4] Less often, it may be the only manifestation of chronic liver disease. The symptoms depend on many factors, such as the effusion's volume, how fast it accumulates, and the presence of cardiopulmonary disease.
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The underlying mechanism is believed to involve the buildup of ammonia in the blood, a substance that is normally removed by the liver. [2] The diagnosis is typically based on symptoms after ruling out other potential causes. [2] [6] It may be supported by blood ammonia levels, an electroencephalogram, or computer tomography (CT scan) of the ...
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