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A scale factor is usually a decimal which scales, or multiplies, some quantity. In the equation y = Cx, C is the scale factor for x. C is also the coefficient of x, and may be called the constant of proportionality of y to x. For example, doubling distances corresponds to a scale factor of two for distance, while cutting a cake in half results ...
Also known as the cosmic scale factor or sometimes the Robertson–Walker scale factor, [1] this is a key parameter of the Friedmann equations. In the early stages of the Big Bang , most of the energy was in the form of radiation, and that radiation was the dominant influence on the expansion of the universe.
Seismic intensity scales categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) at a given location, such as resulting from an earthquake.They are distinguished from seismic magnitude scales, which measure the magnitude or overall strength of an earthquake, which may, or perhaps may not, cause perceptible shaking.
The numerical values of the class boundaries for the different rock mass qualities are subdivisions of the Q range on a logarithmic scale. The Q-value determines the quality of the rock mass, but the support of an underground excavation is based not only on the Q-value but is also determined by the different terms in the above equation. This ...
A modification – the "Moscow-Prague formula" – was proposed in 1962, and recommended by the IASPEI in 1967; this is the basis of the standardized M s20 scale (Ms_20, M s (20)). [43] A "broad-band" variant ( Ms_BB , M s (BB) ) measures the largest velocity amplitude in the Rayleigh-wave train for periods up to 60 seconds. [ 44 ]
Scale analysis rules as follows: Rule1-First step in scale analysis is to define the domain of extent in which we apply scale analysis. Any scale analysis of a flow region that is not uniquely defined is not valid. Rule2-One equation constitutes an equivalence between the scales of two dominant terms appearing in the equation. For example,
RAC CRTA–FMECA and MIL–HDBK–338 both identify Risk Priority Number (RPN) calculation as an alternate method to criticality analysis. The RPN is a result of a multiplication of detectability (D) x severity (S) x occurrence (O). With each on a scale from 1 to 10, the highest RPN is 10x10x10 = 1000.
A scale factor of 1 ⁄ 10 cannot be used here, because scaling 160 by 1 ⁄ 10 gives 16, which is greater than the greatest value that can be stored in this fixed-point format. However, 1 ⁄ 11 will work as a scale factor, because the maximum scaled value, 160 ⁄ 11 = 14. 54, fits within this range. Given this set:
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