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Acetazolamide, sold under the trade name Diamox among others, is a medication used to treat glaucoma, epilepsy, acute mountain sickness, periodic paralysis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (raised brain pressure of unclear cause), heart failure and to alkalinize urine.
The Monthly Index of Medical Specialities or MIMS is a pharmaceutical prescribing reference guide published in the United Kingdom since 1959 by Haymarket Media Group.MIMS is also published internationally by various organisations, including in Australia, New Zealand, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
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Acetazolamide is an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase.It is used for glaucoma, epilepsy (rarely), idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and altitude sickness. For the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), acetazolamide inactivates carbonic anhydrase and interferes with the sodium pump, which decreases aqueous humor formation and thus lowers IOP.
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This drug has displayed teratogenic effects in rats. Compared to another drug in the same class, acetazolamide, methazolamide requires a lower dose when administered to patients. Recently, research has also uncovered a potential new role for this drug, addressing tau toxicity, a theorized cause for diseases such as Alzheimer’s. [1]
While definitive sites of metabolism have not been firmly established, there are several metabolites worthy of note. N-Desethylbrinzolamide is an active metabolite of the parent compound, and thus exhibits carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity (largely carbonic anhydrase-I, when in the presence of Brinzolamide) and also accumulates in the erythrocytes.
Ocular stinging, burning, itching and bitter taste. [8] It causes shallowing of the anterior chamber and leads to transient myopia.As a second generation carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, dorzolamide avoids systemic effects associated with first generation carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide, methazolamide, and dichlorphenamide.
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