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  2. Traverse (surveying) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traverse_(surveying)

    Traverse is a method in the field of surveying to establish control networks. [1] It is also used in geodesy. Traverse networks involve placing survey stations along a line or path of travel, and then using the previously surveyed points as a base for observing the next point.

  3. Topographic map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_map

    A topographic survey is typically based upon a systematic observation and published as a map series, made up of two or more map sheets that combine to form the whole map. A topographic map series uses a common specification that includes the range of cartographic symbols employed, as well as a standard geodetic framework that defines the map ...

  4. Surveying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveying

    Dominion Land Survey, the method used to divide most of Western Canada into one-square-mile sections for agricultural and other purposes; Public Land Survey System, a method used in the United States to survey and identify land parcels; Survey township, a square unit of land, six miles (~9.7 km) on a side, done by the U.S. Public Land Survey System

  5. Topography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topography

    While not officially "topographic" maps, the national surveys of other nations share many of the same features, and so they are often called "topographic maps." Existing topographic survey maps, because of their comprehensive and encyclopedic coverage, form the basis for much derived topographic work.

  6. Terrain cartography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrain_cartography

    Being non-numeric, they are less useful to a scientific survey than contours, but can successfully communicate quite specific shapes of terrain. [2] They are especially effective at showing relatively low relief, such as rolling hills. It was a standard on topographic maps of Germany well into the 20th Century.

  7. Free stationing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_stationing

    In surveying, free stationing (also known as resection) is a method of determining a location of one unknown point in relation to known points. [1] There is a zero point of reference called a total station. The instrument can be freely positioned so that all survey points are at a suitable sight from the instrument.

  8. Benchmark (surveying) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benchmark_(surveying)

    An Ordnance Survey cut mark in the UK Occasionally a non-vertical face, and a slightly different mark, was used. The term benchmark, bench mark, or survey benchmark originates from the chiseled horizontal marks that surveyors made in stone structures, into which an angle iron could be placed to form a "bench" for a leveling rod, thus ensuring that a leveling rod could be accurately ...

  9. Cadastral surveying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadastral_surveying

    Cadastral surveying is the sub-field of cadastre and surveying that specialises in the establishment and re-establishment of real property boundaries. It involves the physical delineation of property boundaries and determination of dimensions, areas and certain rights associated with properties.