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Shingles, also known as herpes zoster or zona, [6] is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area. [2] [7] Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide mark either on the left or right side of the body or face. [1] Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be tingling or local pain in the area.
In about a third of cases, [7] VZV reactivates in later life, producing a disease known as shingles or herpes zoster. The individual lifetime risk of developing herpes zoster is thought to be between 20% and 30%, or approximately 1 in 4 people. However, for people aged 85 and over, this risk increases to 1 in 2. [8]
The ASHA was created in 1914 in response to the increase in sexually transmitted diseases that had spread during World War I. [119] During the 1970s, there was an increase in sexually transmitted diseases. One of the diseases that increased dramatically was genital herpes. In response, ASHA created the National Herpes Resource Center in 1979.
It causes chickenpox (varicella), a disease most commonly affecting children, teens, and young adults, and shingles (herpes zoster) in adults. In epidemiology , an infection is said to be endemic in a specific population or populated place when that infection is constantly present, or maintained at a baseline level, without extra infections ...
Most sexual transmissions of HSV-2 occur during periods of asymptomatic shedding. [10] Asymptomatic reactivation means that the virus causes atypical, subtle, or hard-to-notice symptoms that are not identified as an active herpes infection, so acquiring the virus is possible even if no active HSV blisters or sores are present.
In these kinds of cases with a significant number of pre-symptomatic (asymptomatic) transmissions, symptomatic surveillance-based disease control measures (such as isolation, contact tracing, enhanced hygiene, etc.) are likely to have their effectiveness reduced, because a significant portion of the transmission may take place before the onset ...
While the disease is commonly passed through normal human contact, it is strongly associated with contact sports—outbreaks in sporting clubs being relatively common. [2] Other names for the disease are herpes rugbiorum or "scrumpox" [2] (after rugby football), "wrestler's herpes" or "mat pox" (after wrestling). In one of the largest outbreaks ...
Human alphaherpesvirus 3, also called varicella-zoster virus, responsible for chickenpox and shingles; Human gammaherpesvirus 4, or Epstein–Barr virus, one of the most common viruses which can cause various diseases; Human betaherpesvirus 5; Roseolovirus, a genus that includes three human herpesviruses: