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A pulmonary infiltrate is a substance denser than air, such as pus, blood, or protein, which lingers within the parenchyma of the lungs. [1] Pulmonary infiltrates are associated with pneumonia, tuberculosis, [citation needed] and sarcoidosis. [2] Pulmonary infiltrates can be observed on a chest radiograph. [citation needed]
The original published definition read as: "Any extended, finely granular pattern of pulmonary opacity within which normal anatomic details are partly obscured; from a fancied resemblance to etched or abraded glass." [23] It was again included in an updated glossary by the Fleischner Society in 2008 with a more detailed definition. [24]
Consolidation or infiltrate can be dense or patchy and might have irregular, ill-defined, or hazy borders. Dense homogenous opacity in right, middle and lower lobe of primary pulmonary TB. Chest x-ray showing patchy opacification on the upper right and mid-zone lung with fibrotic shadows, as well as bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy.
Pulmonary infiltrates that resolved after giving mechanical ventilation should point to heart failure and atelectasis rather than pneumonia. For recurrent pneumonia, underlying lung cancer, metastasis , tuberculosis, a foreign bodies, immunosuppression, and hypersensitivity should be suspected.
In pulmonary consolidations and infiltrates, air bronchograms are most commonly caused by pneumonia or pulmonary edema (especially with alveolar edema). [2] [3] Other potential causes of consolidations or infiltrates with air bronchograms are: [2] Pulmonary edema; Non-obstructive atelectasis; Severe interstitial lung disease; Pulmonary infarct
Interstitial lung disease affects gas flow in the alveoli The alveoli Micrograph of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). UIP is the most common pattern of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (a type of interstitial lung disease) and usually represents idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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In 1994, a new definition was recommended by the American-European Consensus Conference Committee [6] [10] which recognized the variability in severity of pulmonary injury. [51] The definition required the following criteria to be met: acute onset, persistent dyspnea; bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph consistent with pulmonary edema