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Bullying has also been shown to cause maladjustment in young children, and targets of bullying who were also bullies themselves exhibit even greater social difficulties. [ 56 ] [ 75 ] A mental health report also found that bullying was linked to eating disorders, anxiety, body dysmorphia and other negative psychological effects. [ 76 ]
Bullying is a subcategory of aggressive behavior that is characterised by hostile intent (the harm caused is deliberate), imbalance of power (real or perceived power inequality between bully and victim), and repetition over a period of time.
Harassment covers a wide range of behaviors of offensive nature. It is commonly understood as behavior that demeans, humiliates, and intimidates a person. The continuity or repetitiveness and the aspect of distressing, alarming or threatening may distinguish it from insult. When these behaviors become repetitive, it is defined as bullying.
The idea that bullying is a one-on-one issue is usually false. Behavioral psychologists agree It's typically a pretty small handful of kids who are continually perpetrating bullying behavior.
There is a strong positive relationship between engaging in bullying behaviors and having been victimized by bullying behaviors. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] This is both a common finding in review of the research and is in tune with what is commonly observed during human adolescence; often victims of bullying go on to become bullies themselves.
Although victims respond to bullying in various ways, some of the most common ways include avoidance or escape behaviors, such as not going to school and running away from home. However, in some extreme cases, suicide attempts might occur. [81] Compared to non-victims, victims exhibit increased levels of suicidal ideation.
Serial bullying – the source of all dysfunction can be traced to one individual, who picks on one employee after another and destroys them, then moves on. Probably the most common type of bullying. Secondary bullying – the pressure of having to deal with a serial bully causes the general behaviour to decline and sink to the lowest level.
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