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Dexmedetomidine, sold under the brand name Precedex among others, is a medication used for sedation. [4] Veterinarians use dexmedetomidine for similar purposes in treating cats, dogs, and horses. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder . [ 5 ]
Atipamezole is a competitive antagonist at ɑ 2-adrenergic receptors that competes with dexmedetomidine, an ɑ 2-adrenergic receptors agonist. It does not directly interact with dexmedetomidine; [34] rather, their structural similarity allows atipamezole to easily compete for receptor binding sites. [12]
Medetomidine is a racemic mixture of two optical or stereoisomers, levomedetomidine and dexmedetomidine. [4] The latter causes the alpha 2- adrenergic agonist effects. [5] It is often used as the hydrochloride salt, medetomidine hydrochloride, a crystalline white solid that can be administered as an intravenous drug solution with sterile water.
On Nov. 6, the SPCA in partnership with nonprofit Petco Love will offer free Canine 1-DAPPv and Feline 1-HCP vaccines to help prevent those illnesses and keep pets healthy.
They are mainly used in research, having found limited clinical application in human medicine. They are extensively used in veterinary medicine to reverse the effects of alpha-2 agonist drugs used as sedatives, like xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine. Alpha-2 blockers increase noradrenaline release.
Medications such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine target pre-synaptic auto receptors, therefore leading to an overall decrease in norepinephrine which clinically can cause effects such as sedation, analgesia, lowering of blood pressure and bradycardia. There is also low quality evidence that they can reduce shivering post operatively.
While acepromazine is also used in cats, its absorption is erratic and can vary between individuals. It also generally induces less sedation than in dogs. [13] [14] It also causes spontaneous motor activity (in both cats and dogs, but more often in cats) by blocking dopamine receptors in the striatum and substantia nigra. [15]
Detomidine is a sedative with analgesic properties. [3] α 2-adrenergic receptor agonists produce dose-dependent sedative and analgesic effects, mediated by activation of α 2 catecholamine receptors, thus inducing a negative feedback response, reducing production of excitatory neurotransmitters.