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Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of authority are primarily held by men. The term patriarchy is used both in anthropology to describe a family or clan controlled by the father or eldest male or group of males, and in feminist theory to describe a broader social structure in which men as a group dominate society. [1] [2] [3]
The Tree of Patriarchy is a metaphor used to describe the system of patriarchy. It appears in Allan G. Johnson’s The Gender Knot (1997), who borrowed the idea from R. Roosevelt Thomas Jr. (1991). The metaphor uses the parts of a tree to illustrate how patriarchy is shaped by and performs in society .
The term was coined by Turkish author and researcher Deniz Kandiyoti in her 1988 article, "Bargaining with Patriarchy", which appeared in the September issue of Gender & Society. [ 1 ] Sociologist Lisa Wade states that patriarchal bargain is "an individual strategy designed to manipulate the system to one’s best advantage, but one that leaves ...
For example, women's dislike of female bosses is consistent with Goldberg's theory. [10] Goldberg's "is the only theory that can explain some of the more inconvenient facts about women as well as men". [11] "No other theory has been offered which can explain women's rejection of females in authority". [10]
Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism is a 1978 anthology about socialist feminism edited by Zillah R. Eisenstein. The sociologist Rhonda F. Levine cites the work as a "superb discussion of the socialist-feminist position". [ 1 ]
In feminist theory, heteropatriarchy (etymologically from heterosexual and patriarchy) or cisheteropatriarchy, is a social construct where (primarily) cisgender (same gender as identified at birth) and heterosexual males have authority over other cisgender males, females, and people with other sexual orientations and gender identities.
However, the Marxist distinction between production and reproduction is harshly criticized. For materialist feminists, constructing a theory of patriarchy that reduces women's work to reproduction ends up reaffirming the patriarchal ideology. [9] Delphy theorizes two modes of production in our society: industrial and domestic.
Patriarchal theory is not defined by a belief that all men always benefit from the oppression of all women. Rather, it maintains that the primary element of patriarchy is a relationship of dominance, where one party is dominant and exploits the other for the benefit of the former.