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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process of fertilization in which an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, then removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from her ovaries and enabling a man's sperm to fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory.
For purposes of in vitro fertilization, capacitation occurs by incubating spermatozoa that have either undergone ejaculation or have been extracted from the epididymis and incubated in a defined medium for several hours. There are different techniques to perform the capacitation step: simple washing, migration (swim-up), density gradients, and ...
Human fertilization is the union of an egg and sperm, occurring primarily in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. [1] The result of this union leads to the production of a fertilized egg called a zygote , initiating embryonic development .
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility.This subject involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, and the use of fertility medication.
By definition it means, to recapitulate mammalian oogenesis and producing fertilizable oocytes in vitro.it is a complex process involving several different cell types, precise follicular cell-oocyte reciprocal interactions, a variety of nutrients and combinations of cytokines, and precise growth factors and hormones depending on the ...
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI / ˈ ɪ k s i / IK-see) is an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure in which a single sperm cell is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg. This technique is used in order to prepare the gametes for the obtention of embryos that may be transferred to a maternal uterus.
Control and regulation of pH are mandatory for in vitro embryo culture. Culture media can be classified according to type of buffer used: CO₂ / bicarbonate - buffered medium: uses the same physiological buffering system surrounding mammalian cells. Require the use of CO₂ incubators at 5-7%;
Examples of ART include in vitro fertilization (IVF) and its possible expansions, including: artificial insemination; artificial reproduction; cloning (see human cloning for the special case of human beings) cytoplasmic transfer; cryopreservation of sperm, oocytes, embryos; embryo transfer; fertility medication; hormone treatment; in vitro ...