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Roman silver ingot, Britain, 1st–4th centuries AD Lead ingots from Roman Britain. Metals and metal working had been known to the people of modern Italy since the Bronze Age.By 53 BC, Rome had expanded to control an immense expanse of the Mediterranean.
The word ferrous is derived from the Latin word ferrum, meaning "iron". In ionic compounds (salts), such an atom may occur as a separate cation (positive ion) abbreviated as Fe 2+ , although more precise descriptions include other ligands such as water and halides.
The term "ferrous" is derived from the Latin word meaning "containing iron". This can include pure iron, such as wrought iron, or an alloy such as steel. Ferrous metals are often magnetic, but not exclusively. Non-ferrous metals and alloys lack appreciable amounts of iron.
Wootz steel is famous from Classical Antiquity for its durability and ability to hold an edge. When asked by King Porus to select a gift, Alexander is said to have chosen, over gold or silver, thirty pounds of steel. [27] Wootz steel was originally a complex alloy with iron as its main component together with various trace elements.
A common metal short-link chain Roller chains. A chain is a serial assembly of connected pieces, called links, typically made of metal, with an overall character similar to that of a rope in that it is flexible and curved in compression but linear, rigid, and load-bearing in tension.
Iron is the most widely used of all the metals, accounting for over 90% of worldwide metal production. Its low cost and high strength often make it the material of choice to withstand stress or transmit forces, such as the construction of machinery and machine tools , rails , automobiles , ship hulls , concrete reinforcing bars , and the load ...
The Latin term, during the Roman Empire, was aes cyprium; aes was the generic term for copper alloys such as bronze. Cyprium means "Cyprus" or "which is from Cyprus", where so much of it was mined; it was simplified to cuprum and then eventually Anglicized as "copper" (Old English coper/copor). · Symbol Cu is from the Latin name cuprum ("copper").
Lead was used for making water pipes in the Roman Empire; the Latin word for the metal, plumbum, is the origin of the English word "plumbing". Its ease of working, its low melting point enabling the easy fabrication of completely waterproof welded joints, and its resistance to corrosion [ 142 ] ensured its widespread use in other applications ...