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Made contributions to economics, science, mathematics, theology and philosophy. Ibn Khaldun (1332 – 1406). Hasdai Crescas (c. 1340 – c. 1411). Jewish philosopher. Gemistus Pletho (c. 1355 – 1452/1454). Late Byzantine scholar of neoplatonic philosophy.
Western philosophy refers to the philosophical thought, traditions and works of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture , beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics .
[10] Antonio Genovesi: 1712–1769: Italian: Writer on philosophy and political economy. Edward Gibbon: 1737–1794: English: Historian best known for his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Johann Wolfgang Goethe: 1749–1832: German: Closely identified with Enlightenment values, progressing from Sturm und Drang ("Storm and Stress"); leader ...
Socrates; (c. 470 –399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure, Socrates authored no texts and is known mainly through the posthumous accounts of classical writers , particularly his students ...
The history of philosophy is the systematic study of the development of philosophical thought. It focuses on philosophy as rational inquiry based on argumentation, but some theorists also include myth, religious traditions, and proverbial lore. Western philosophy originated with an inquiry into the fundamental nature of the cosmos in Ancient ...
The Dream of Reason: A History of Philosophy from the Greeks to the Renaissance is a 2000 nonfiction book by Anthony Gottlieb, the first in a series of three volumes that introduce Western philosophy to a wide audience. [1] The second volume is The Dream of Enlightenment. [2]
The problem in philosophy of moving from an "is" to an "ought" (the "Is-ought problem") is said to have been introduced into philosophy by David Hume. Richmond Campbell, in discussing this, asks how one might move from a knowledge of what exists, i.e. from a whole range of possible values, to a knowledge of which, among these, one ought to ...
Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.