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The inverse tangent integral is defined by: = The arctangent is taken to be the principal branch; that is, − π /2 < arctan(t) < π /2 for all real t. [1]Its power series representation is
There are three common notations for inverse trigonometric functions. The arcsine function, for instance, could be written as sin −1, asin, or, as is used on this page, arcsin. For each inverse trigonometric integration formula below there is a corresponding formula in the list of integrals of inverse hyperbolic functions.
For a complete list of antiderivative functions, see Lists of integrals. For the special antiderivatives involving trigonometric functions, see Trigonometric integral. [1] Generally, if the function is any trigonometric function, and is its derivative,
Trigonometric functions of inverse trigonometric functions are tabulated below. A quick way to derive them is by considering the geometry of a right-angled triangle, with one side of length 1 and another side of length x , {\displaystyle x,} then applying the Pythagorean theorem and definitions of the trigonometric ratios.
A. Dieckmann, Table of Integrals (Elliptic Functions, Square Roots, Inverse Tangents and More Exotic Functions): Indefinite Integrals Definite Integrals; Math Major: A Table of Integrals; O'Brien, Francis J. Jr. "500 Integrals of Elementary and Special Functions". Derived integrals of exponential, logarithmic functions and special functions.
It is intimately connected with the polylogarithm, inverse tangent integral, polygamma function, Riemann zeta function, Dirichlet eta function, and Dirichlet beta function. The Clausen function of order 2 – often referred to as the Clausen function, despite being but one of a class of many – is given by the integral:
In this case, an expression involving a radical function is replaced with a trigonometric one. Trigonometric identities may help simplify the answer. [1] [2] Like other methods of integration by substitution, when evaluating a definite integral, it may be simpler to completely deduce the antiderivative before applying the boundaries of integration.
Since and the inverse function : are continuous, they have antiderivatives by the fundamental theorem of calculus. Laisant proved that if F {\displaystyle F} is an antiderivative of f {\displaystyle f} , then the antiderivatives of f − 1 {\displaystyle f^{-1}} are: