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The critical velocity for deposition, on the other hand, depends on the settling velocity, and that decreases with decreasing grainsize. The Hjulström curve shows that sand particles of a size around 0.1 mm require the lowest stream velocity to erode. The curve was expanded by Åke Sundborg in 1956.
Sonar flowmeters have the capacity of measuring the velocity of liquids or gases non-intrusively within the pipe and then leverage this velocity measurement into a flow rate by using the cross-sectional area of the pipe and the line pressure and temperature. The principle behind this flow measurement is the use of underwater acoustics.
The rectangular hyperbola xy = 1 can be used to gauge velocities (in the first quadrant). Zero velocity corresponds to (1, 1) . Any point on the hyperbola has light-cone coordinates ( e w , e − w ) {\displaystyle (e^{w},\ e^{-w})} where w is the rapidity, and is equal to the area of the hyperbolic sector from (1, 1) to these coordinates.
The limiting case of the Venturi effect is when a fluid reaches the state of choked flow, where the fluid velocity approaches the local speed of sound. When a fluid system is in a state of choked flow, a further decrease in the downstream pressure environment will not lead to an increase in velocity, unless the fluid is compressed.
The general form of the equation relates the mean velocity of water in a pipe with the geometric properties of the pipe and the slope of the energy line. = where: V is velocity (in ft/s for US customary units, in m/s for SI units)
In these kinds of measurements, the most practical instrument to use is the pitot tube. The pitot tube can be inserted through a small hole in the duct with the pitot connected to a U-tube water gauge or some other differential pressure gauge for determining the flow velocity inside the ducted wind tunnel. One use of this technique is to ...
An example of a velocity triangle drawn for the inlet of a turbomachine. The "1" subscript denotes the high pressure side (inlet in case of turbines and outlet in case of pumps/compressors). A general velocity triangle consists of the following vectors: [1] [2] V = absolute velocity of the fluid. U = blade linear velocity.
In fluid dynamics, dynamic pressure (denoted by q or Q and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by: [1] = where (in SI units): q is the dynamic pressure in pascals (i.e., N/m 2, ρ (Greek letter rho) is the fluid mass density (e.g. in kg/m 3), and; u is the flow speed in m/s.