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The electrochemical series, which consists of standard electrode potentials and is closely related to the reactivity series, was generated by measuring the difference in potential between the metal half-cell in a circuit with a standard hydrogen half-cell, connected by a salt bridge. The standard hydrogen half-cell: 2H + (aq) + 2e − → H 2 (g)
Electrochemical cells that generate an electric current are called voltaic or galvanic cells and those that generate chemical reactions, via electrolysis for example, are called electrolytic cells. [2] Both galvanic and electrolytic cells can be thought of as having two half-cells: consisting of separate oxidation and reduction reactions.
A galvanic cell consists of two half-cells, such that the electrode of one half-cell is composed of metal A, and the electrode of the other half-cell is composed of metal B; the redox reactions for the two separate half-cells are thus: A n + + n e − ⇌ A B m + + m e − ⇌ B. The overall balanced reaction is: m A + n B m + ⇌ n B + m A n +
A concentration cell is an electrochemical cell where the two electrodes are the same material, the electrolytes on the two half-cells involve the same ions, but the electrolyte concentration differs between the two half-cells. An example is an electrochemical cell, where two copper electrodes are submerged in two copper(II) sulfate solutions ...
In electrochemistry, cell notation or cell representation is a shorthand method of expressing a reaction in an electrochemical cell.. In cell notation, the two half-cells are described by writing the formula of each individual chemical species involved in the redox reaction across the cell, with all other common ions and inert substances being ignored.
[1] [2] In short, it functions as a link connecting the anode and cathode half-cells within an electrochemical cell. [3] It also maintains electrical neutrality within the internal circuit and stabilizes the junction potential between the solutions in the half-cells. [4] Additionally, it serves to minimize cross-contamination between the two ...
Often, the concept of half reactions is used to describe what occurs in an electrochemical cell, such as a Galvanic cell battery. Half reactions can be written to describe both the metal undergoing oxidation (known as the anode) and the metal undergoing reduction (known as the cathode). Half reactions are often used as a method of balancing ...
In these systems, each of the two electrodes and its associated half-cell would require its own specialized electrocatalyst. [2] Half-reactions involving multiple steps, multiple electron transfers, and the evolution or consumption of gases in their overall chemical transformations, will often have considerable kinetic barriers. Furthermore ...