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A bronchopulmonary segment is a portion of lung supplied by a specific segmental bronchus and its vessels. [1] [2] These arteries branch from the pulmonary and bronchial arteries, and run together through the center of the segment. Veins and lymphatic vessels drain along the edges of the segment.
The left bronchus has no eparterial branch, and therefore it has been supposed by some that there is no upper lobe to the left lung, but that the so-called upper lobe corresponds to the middle lobe of the right lung. The left main bronchus divides into two secondary bronchi or lobar bronchi, to deliver air to the two lobes of the left lung ...
The left lung is divided into two lobes, an upper and a lower lobe, by the oblique fissure, which extends from the costal to the mediastinal surface of the lung both above and below the hilum. [1] The left lung, unlike the right, does not have a middle lobe, though it does have a homologous feature, a projection of the upper lobe termed the ...
The lung tissue lies within the same visceral pleura as the lobe in which it occurs. [1] Males and females are equally affected. [1] The arterial supply is usually derived from the lower thoracic or upper abdominal aorta. Venous drainage is usually to the left atrium via pulmonary veins establishing a left to left shunt.
Consequently the vessels wall are more stretched so the caliber of the vessels increases causing an increase in flow due to lower resistance. Zone 4 can be seen at the lung bases at low lung volumes or in pulmonary edema. Pulmonary interstitial pressure (Pi) rises as lung volume decreases due to reduced radial tethering of the lung parenchyma ...
The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein , while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein .
There are typically two left and one right bronchial arteries. [1] The left bronchial arteries (superior and inferior) usually arise directly from the thoracic aorta. [2] The single right bronchial artery usually arises from one of the following: 1) the thoracic aorta at a common trunk with the right 3rd posterior intercostal artery; 2) the ...
Polymicrobial lung abscesses are usually due to aspiration and are located in the posterior segments of the upper lobes or superior segments of the lower lobes. [2] Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of lung abscesses and is usually monomicrobial (caused by a single species of bacteria). Risk factors include diabetes and chronic lung ...