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2. Manifold - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifold

   These two charts provide a second atlas for the circle, with the transition map = (that is, one has this relation between s and t for every point where s and t are both nonzero). Each chart omits a single point, either (−1, 0) for s or (+1, 0) for t, so neither chart alone is sufficient to cover the whole circle. It can be proved that it is ...

3. List of mathematical shapes - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_shapes

   25 Geometry and other areas of mathematics. 26 Glyphs and symbols. 27 Table of all the Shapes. ... a quasi-helical shape characterized by multiple tendril perversions;

4. Four-dimensional space - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-dimensional_space

   Four-dimensional space (4D) is the mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional space (3D). Three-dimensional space is the simplest possible abstraction of the observation that one needs only three numbers, called dimensions, to describe the sizes or locations of objects in the everyday world.

5. List of polygons - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_polygons

   In geometry, a polygon is traditionally a plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed chain. These segments are called its edges or sides , and the points where two of the edges meet are the polygon's vertices (singular: vertex) or corners .

6. Atlas (topology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(topology)

   A chart for a topological space M is a homeomorphism from an open subset U of M to an open subset of a Euclidean space. The chart is traditionally recorded as the ordered pair ( U , φ ) {\displaystyle (U,\varphi )} .

7. Shape - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape

   A figure is a representation including both shape and size (as in, e.g., figure of the Earth). A plane shape or plane figure is constrained to lie on a plane, in contrast to solid 3D shapes. A two-dimensional shape or two-dimensional figure (also: 2D shape or 2D figure) may lie on a more general curved surface (a two-dimensional space).