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The mylohyoid muscle may be united to or replaced by the anterior belly of the digastric muscle; accessory slips to other hyoid muscles are frequent. This median raphe is sometimes absent; the fibers of the two muscles are then continuous. [citation needed] Variations in the mylohyoid muscle itself are not common. [6]
The geniohyoid is a paired short muscle that arises from the inferior mental spine, on the back of the mandibular symphysis, and runs backward and slightly downward, to be inserted into the anterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone. [2]: 346 It lies in contact with its fellow of the opposite side. It thus belongs to the suprahyoid muscles.
The hyoglossus is a thin and quadrilateral extrinsic muscle of the tongue. It originates from the hyoid bone; it inserts onto the side of the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII). It acts to depress and retract the tongue.
The mylohyoid line is a bony ridge on the internal surface of the body of the mandible. The mylohyoid line extends posterosuperiorly. The mylohyoid line continues as the mylohyoid groove on the internal surface of the ramus. The mylohyoid muscle originates from the anterior (front) part of the mylohyoid line. [1]
The four classical muscles of mastication elevate the mandible (closing the jaw) and move it forward/backward and laterally, facilitating biting and chewing. Other muscles are responsible for opening the jaw, namely the geniohyoid , mylohyoid , and digastric muscles (the lateral pterygoid may play a role).
Mylohyoid: by its own nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar (from the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve), which arises just before the parent nerve enters the mandibular foramen, pierces the sphenomandibular ligament, and runs forward on the inferior surface of the mylohyoid, supplying it and the anterior belly of the digastric.
The two bellies connect at the intermediate tendon. The intermediate tendon passes through a connective tissue loop attached to the hyoid bone. [1] The mylohyoid muscles are thin, flat muscles that form a sling inferior to the tongue supporting the floor of the mouth. The geniohyoids are short, narrow muscles that contact each other in the ...
There are usually four mental spines: two superior and two inferior. Collectively they are also known as the genial tubercle , [ 1 ] genial apophysis and the Latin name spinae mentalis . The inferior mental spines are the points of origin of the geniohyoid muscle , [ 2 ] one of the suprahyoid muscles , and the superior mental spines are the ...