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Diaphragmatic rupture (also called diaphragmatic injury or tear) is a tear of the diaphragm, the muscle across the bottom of the ribcage that plays a crucial role in breathing. Most commonly, acquired diaphragmatic tears result from physical trauma. Diaphragmatic rupture can result from blunt or penetrating trauma and occurs in about 0.5% of ...
When not stimulated, the diaphragm relaxes and air moves out of the lungs . According to the United States Medicare system, phrenic nerve stimulators are indicated for "selected patients with partial or complete respiratory insufficiency" and "can be effective only if the patient has an intact phrenic nerve and diaphragm". [23]
The phrenic nerve must be identified during thoracic surgery and preserved. To confirm the identity of the phrenic nerve, a doctor may gently manipulate it to elicit a dartle (diaphragmatic startle) response. [7] The right phrenic nerve may be crushed by the vena cava clamp during liver transplantation. [8]
Kehr's sign is a classic example of referred pain: irritation of the diaphragm is signaled by the phrenic nerve as pain in the area above the collarbone. This is because the supraclavicular nerves have the same cervical nerves origin as the phrenic nerve, C3, C4, and C5. [citation needed]
Respiratory difficulties can be caused by atrophy of the muscles between the ribs (intercostals), atrophy of the diaphragm muscle, and degeneration of the nerve that stimulates the diaphragm (phrenic nerve). [8] This can prolong the time it takes to wean a person off of a breathing machine (mechanical ventilation) by as much as 7 – 13 days. [9]
A dad, 45, had what seemed like a pinched nerve. It was a sign of a cancerous thymoma. Chest pain, shortness of breath were signs of his thymoma.
Diaphragmatic paradox may be caused by weakening of inspiratory muscles due to injury, pyopneumothorax (collection of pus and excess air inside pleural cavity) or hydropneumothorax (collection of watery fluid and excess air inside pleural cavity). Also caused due to phrenic nerve injury caused during cardiac surgery, radiation, trauma, etc ...
The caval opening of diaphragm [2] (also foramen of vena cava, [1] vena caval foramen [3] [1]) is an opening in the central tendon of diaphragm giving passage to the inferior vena cava [2] [3] as well as to some terminal [2] branches of [2] [1] the right phrenic nerve, [2] [3] and some lymphatic vessels en route to middle phrenic and mediastinal lymph nodes. [2]