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The plant exudes a highly toxic sap which is used by the Meridian High and Hadza in Tanzania to coat arrow-tips for hunting. [citation needed] Adonis vernalis: pheasant's eye, false hellebore Ranunculaceae: The plant is poisonous, containing cardiostimulant compounds such as adonidin and aconitic acid. [42] Aesculus hippocastanum
Cicuta, commonly known as water hemlock, is a genus of four species of highly poisonous plants in the family Apiaceae.They are perennial herbaceous plants which grow up to 2.5 meters (8 ft) tall, having distinctive small green or white flowers arranged in an umbrella shape ().
Conium maculatum, known as hemlock (British English) or poison hemlock (American English), is a highly poisonous flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae, native to Europe and North Africa. It is herbaceous without woody parts and has a biennial lifecycle. A hardy plant capable of living in a variety of environments, hemlock is widely ...
Cicuta maculata is a highly poisonous species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by several common names, including spotted water hemlock, spotted parsley, and spotted cowbane. It is native to nearly all of North America, from northern Canada to southern Mexico.
Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) is infamous in its use as a poison. [35] [36] A small overdose of extract of the plant causes paralysis with higher toxic doses causing a ceasing of respiratory function followed by death. [31] Poison hemlock was historically used in official executions and assassinations. [37]
Lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis / ˌ k ɒ n v ə ˈ l ɛər i ə m ə ˈ dʒ eɪ l ɪ s /), [2] sometimes written lily-of-the-valley, [3] is a woodland flowering plant with sweetly scented, pendent, bell-shaped white flowers borne in sprays in spring.
The flowers are dark purple to bluish-purple, narrow oblong helmet-shaped, 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) tall. Plants native to Asia and North America formerly listed as A. napellus are now regarded as separate species. The plant is extremely poisonous in both ingestion and body contact. It is the most poisonous plant in all of Europe. [3]
The toxic principle in the plant is oenanthotoxin, a polyunsaturated higher alcohol that is a potent convulsant and works by blocking the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the brain. The plant is very poisonous to humans and livestock and can cause death if poisoning is left untreated after ingestion.