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  2. Oath Against Modernism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Against_Modernism

    The Oath Against Modernism was instituted by Pope Pius X in his motu proprio Sacrorum antistitum on September 1, 1910. The oath was required of "all clergy , pastors , confessors , preachers , religious superiors , and professors in philosophical-theological seminaries " [ 1 ] of the Catholic Church .

  3. Pascendi Dominici gregis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascendi_Dominici_gregis

    Pius X viewed the church as under siege, intellectually from rationalism and materialism, politically from liberalism and anti-clericalism.The pope condemned modernism, a loose movement of Catholic biblical scholars, philosophers and theologians who believed that the church could not ignore new scientific historical research concerning the Bible. [2]

  4. Modernism in the Catholic Church - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic...

    After the pontificate of Pius X, there was a gradual abatement of attacks against modernists. The new Pope Benedict XV, who was elected to succeed Pius X in 1914, once again condemned modernism in his encyclical Ad beatissimi Apostolorum, but also urged Catholics to cease condemning fellow believers. [92]

  5. Timeline of the Catholic Church - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic...

    1903–1914: Pope Pius X publishes Lamentabili sane exitu against Modernism, introduces frequent communion, and promotes Gregorian chant. 1914–1918: Pope Benedict XV declares neutrality during World War I. His peace initiatives are rejected by both sides as favoring the other. Massive papal charity in Europe.

  6. List of popes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_popes

    Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St. Peter's Basilica (their names in Latin and the year of their burial). This chronological list of popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes.

  7. Vehementer Nos - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehementer_Nos

    The pope and most French Catholics considered the law as undermining the independent authority of the Church. [5] Pius viewed it as related to Modernist theories popular in France, and a concerted attack upon the Church. In Italy, Modernism was more political than doctrinal. [4]

  8. Pope Pius X - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_X

    Pope Pius X (Italian: Pio X; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; [a] 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing modernist interpretations of Catholic doctrine , and for promoting liturgical reforms and Thomist scholastic theology.

  9. List of encyclicals of Pope Pius X - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Encyclicals_of...

    On Pope Gregory the Great: 12 March 1904: 4. Acerbo nimis: On Teaching Christian Doctrine: 15 April 1905: 5. Il fermo proposito: On Catholic Action in Italy: 11 June 1905: 6. Vehementer Nos: On the French Law of Separation: 11 February 1906: 7. Tribus circiter: On the Mariavites: Mystic Priests of Poland: 5 April 1906: 8. Pieni l'animo: On the ...