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Ammonium chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula N H 4 Cl, also written as [NH 4]Cl.It is an ammonium salt of hydrogen chloride.It consists of ammonium cations [NH 4] + and chloride anions Cl −.
The ammonium salts of nitrate and especially perchlorate are highly explosive, in these cases, ammonium is the reducing agent. In an unusual process, ammonium ions form an amalgam. Such species are prepared by the addition of sodium amalgam to a solution of ammonium chloride. [3] This amalgam eventually decomposes to release ammonia and ...
Quaternary ammonium cation. The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups. Also, the R groups may be connected. In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR 4] +, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group [1] or organyl group.
For example, in ammonium chloride solution, NH + 4 is the main influence for acidic solution. It has greater K a value compared to that of water molecules; K a of NH + 4 is 5.6 × 10 −10, and K w of H 2 O is 1.0 × 10 −14. This ensures its deprotonation when reacting with water, and is responsible for the pH below 7 at room temperature.
Sample of chloropentamminecobalt chloride [CoCl(NH 3) 5]Cl 2, illustrating the vibrant colors typical of transition metal ammine complexes. Zinc(II) forms a colorless tetraammine with the formula [Zn(NH 3) 4] 2+. [13] Like most zinc complexes, it has a tetrahedral structure. Hexaamminenickel is violet, and the copper(II) complex is deep blue.
X-ray spectrometer developed by W. H. Bragg. In 1913 the structure of sodium chloride was determined by William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg. [2] [3] [4] This revealed that there were six equidistant nearest-neighbours for each atom, demonstrating that the constituents were not arranged in molecules or finite aggregates, but instead as a network with long-range crystalline order. [4]
However, the description Pliny gives of the salt does not conform to the properties of ammonium chloride. According to Herbert Hoover's commentary in his English translation of Georgius Agricola's De re metallica, it is likely to have been common sea salt. [20] In any case, that salt ultimately gave ammonia and ammonium compounds their name.
In this way, the trichloride anion ([Cl-Cl-Cl] −) is formed which theoretically adopts a linear geometry with Cl-Cl bonds of equal length. [3] However, the real structure of the trichloride anion is typically slightly different due to interaction of the trichloride anion with cations or anisotropic effects in the solid state. [1]