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Gneiss, a foliated metamorphic rock. Quartzite, a non-foliated metamorphic rock. Foliation in geology refers to repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks. [1] Each layer can be as thin as a sheet of paper, or over a meter in thickness. [1] The word comes from the Latin folium, meaning "leaf", and refers to the sheet-like planar structure. [1]
Gneiss (/ n aɪ s / nice) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock.It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks.
Geological map of the Hebridean Terrane showing distribution of rocks of the Lewisian complex Undeformed Scourie dyke cutting Lewisian Gneiss, about 1.6 km west of Scourie Scourie dykes (now foliated amphibolites) cutting grey gneiss of the Scourie complex, both deformed during the Laxfordian tectonic event and cut by later (unfoliated) granite veins - road cutting on the A838 just north of ...
This results in a banded, or foliated, rock, with the bands showing the colors of the minerals that formed them. Foliated rock often develops planes of cleavage. Slate is an example of a foliated metamorphic rock, originating from shale, and it typically shows well-developed cleavage that allows slate to be split into thin plates. [19]
Additionally, the Baltimore Gneiss outcrops into three discrete masses of uniform, well-foliated to massive granitic gneiss referred to as the Slaughterhouse Gneiss. [ 2 ] The layered gneiss member consists of dark and light layers of gneiss bearing biotite , microcline , quartz , and plagioclase , varying from biotite schist to quartzo ...
The Acasta Gneiss Complex is a heterogeneous assemblage of foliated to gneissic tonalites, trondhjemites, granodiorites, and granites which contains minor quartz-diorites, diorites, gabbros, and ultramafic rocks.
A gneiss has visible bands of differing lightness, with a common example being the granite gneiss. Other varieties of foliated rock include slates, phyllites, and mylonite. Familiar examples of non-foliated metamorphic rocks include marble, soapstone, and serpentine. This branch contains quartzite—a metamorphosed form of sandstone—and hornfels.
The granites pass into gneiss and granulite; the gabbros into flaser gabbro and amphibolite; the slates often contain andalusite or chiastolite, and show transitions to mica schists. At one time these rocks were regarded as Archean gneisses of a special type.