Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Punishment is sometimes used for in applied behavior analysis under the most extreme cases, to reduce dangerous behaviors such as head banging or biting exhibited most commonly by children or people with special needs. Punishment is considered one of the ethical challenges to autism treatment, has led to significant controversy, and is one of ...
Use: that punishment is only justified when it has some use – that is, preventing further crime [Lessnoff, 1971:141]. Value: that punishment is only justified when it is most conducive to the welfare of society [Ten, 1987:3], that is, the value society gains from the punishment is more than the disadvantages incurred by the offender.
Most victims of torture are poor and marginalized people suspected of crimes, although torture against political prisoners, or during armed conflict, has received disproportionate attention. Judicial corporal punishment and capital punishment are sometimes seen as forms of torture, but this label is internationally controversial.
Discipline is the self-control that is gained by requiring that rules or orders be obeyed, and the ability to keep working at something that is difficult. [1] Disciplinarians believe that such self-control is of the utmost importance and enforce a set of rules that aim to develop such behavior.
Punishment and Social Structure (1939), a book written by Georg Rusche and Otto Kirchheimer, is the seminal Marxian analysis of punishment as a social institution. [1] It represents the "most sustained and comprehensive account of punishment to have emerged from within the Marxist tradition" and "succeeds in opening up a whole vista of understanding which simply did not exist before it was ...
Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understand the behavior of humans and other animals. [1] [2] It assumes that behavior is either a reflex elicited by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and ...
(The Center Square) – Analysis of several long-term studies reveals new insights into the factors that shape convicted offenders’ decision-making and the influences that can drive fluctuations ...
There is considerable disagreement around taking such action, as many believe that human interventions in nature should not take place because of practicality, [9] valuing ecological preservation over the well-being and interests of individual animals, [10] considering any obligation to reduce wild animal suffering implied by animal rights to ...