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In astronomy or planetary science, the frost line, also known as the snow line or ice line, is the minimum distance from the central protostar of a solar nebula where the temperature is low enough for volatile compounds such as water, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide to condense into solid grains, which will allow their accretion into planetesimals.
In geology, the frost line is the level down to which the soil will normally freeze each winter. By an analogy, the term is introduced in other areas. Frost line (astrophysics), a particular distance in the solar nebula from the central protosun where it is cool enough for hydrogen compounds such as water, ammonia, and methane to condense into solid ice grains.
An additional difference is the composition of the planetesimals, which in the case of giant planets form beyond the so-called frost line and consist mainly of ice—the ice to rock ratio is about 4 to 1. [29] This enhances the mass of planetesimals fourfold.
Planetesimals beyond the frost line accumulated up to 4 M E within about 3 million years. [38] Today, the four giant planets comprise just under 99% of all the mass orbiting the Sun. [b] Theorists believe it is no accident that Jupiter lies just beyond the frost line. Because the frost line accumulated large amounts of water via evaporation ...
An artist's illustration giving a simple overview of the main regions of a protoplanetary disk, delineated by the soot and frost line, which for example has been observed around the star V883 Orionis. [15] The nebular hypothesis of solar system formation describes how protoplanetary disks are thought to evolve into planetary systems.
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Shuāngjiàng, Sōkō, Sanggang, or Sương giáng (Chinese and Japanese: 霜降; pinyin: shuāngjiàng; rōmaji: sōkō; Korean: 상강; romaja: sanggang; Vietnamese: sương giáng; lit. 'frost descent') is the 18th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 210° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 225°. It ...
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