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Intersections of the unaccented modern Greek, Latin, and Cyrillic scripts, considering only the shapes of the letters and ignoring their pronunciation Example of an intersection with sets. The intersection of two sets and , denoted by , [3] is the set of all objects that are members of both the sets and .
The combined region of the two sets is called their union, denoted by A ∪ B, where A is the orange circle and B the blue. The union in this case contains all living creatures that either are two-legged or can fly (or both). The region included in both A and B, where the two sets overlap, is called the intersection of A and B, denoted by A ∩ B.
This article lists mathematical properties and laws of sets, involving the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expressions, and performing calculations, involving these operations and relations.
1. The difference of two sets: x~y is the set of elements of x not in y. 2. An equivalence relation \ The difference of two sets: x\y is the set of elements of x not in y. − The difference of two sets: x−y is the set of elements of x not in y. ≈ Has the same cardinality as × A product of sets / A quotient of a set by an equivalence ...
As another example, the number 5 is not contained in the intersection of the set of prime numbers {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, …} and the set of even numbers {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, …} , because although 5 is a prime number, it is not even. In fact, the number 2 is the only number in the intersection of these two
The double-counted elements are those in the intersection of the two sets and the count is corrected by subtracting the size of the intersection. The inclusion-exclusion principle, being a generalization of the two-set case, is perhaps more clearly seen in the case of three sets, which for the sets A, B and C is given by
A set is described by listing elements separated by commas, or by a characterizing property of its elements, within braces { }. [5] Since sets are objects, the membership relation can relate sets as well, i.e., sets themselves can be members of other sets. A derived binary relation between two sets is the subset relation, also called set inclusion.
The algebra of sets is the set-theoretic analogue of the algebra of numbers. Just as arithmetic addition and multiplication are associative and commutative, so are set union and intersection; just as the arithmetic relation "less than or equal" is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive, so is the set relation of "subset".