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  2. Glycated hemoglobin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin

    When blood glucose levels are high, glucose molecules attach to the hemoglobin in red blood cells. The longer hyperglycemia occurs in blood, the more glucose binds to hemoglobin in the red blood cells and the higher the glycated hemoglobin. [17] Once a hemoglobin molecule is glycated, it remains that way.

  3. Hemoglobin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin

    During rebreathing, CO binds to hemoglobin present in red blood cells. Based on the increase in blood CO after the rebreathing period, the hemoglobin mass can be determined through the dilution principle. [104] Long-term control of blood sugar concentration can be measured by the concentration of Hb A 1c. Measuring it directly would require ...

  4. Glycation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycation

    Red blood cells have a consistent lifespan of 120 days and are accessible for measurement of glycated hemoglobin.Measurement of HbA1c—the predominant form of glycated hemoglobin—enables medium-term blood sugar control to be monitored in diabetes.

  5. Blood sugar level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar_level

    Historically, blood glucose values were given in terms of whole blood, but most laboratories now measure and report plasma or serum glucose levels. Because red blood cells (erythrocytes) have a higher concentration of protein (e.g., hemoglobin) than serum, serum has a higher water content and consequently more dissolved glucose than does whole ...

  6. Blood sugar regulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar_regulation

    This hormone, insulin, causes the liver to convert more glucose into glycogen (this process is called glycogenesis), and to force about 2/3 of body cells (primarily muscle and fat tissue cells) to take up glucose from the blood through the GLUT4 transporter, thus decreasing blood sugar. When insulin binds to the receptors on the cell surface ...

  7. Wikipedia:Osmosis/Diabetes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Osmosis/Diabetes

    Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when the blood glucose levels get too high, and this is seen among 10% of the world population. There are two types of diabetes - Type 1 and Type 2, and the main difference between them is the underlying mechanism that causes the blood glucose levels to rise.

  8. Carbohydrate metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_metabolism

    Glucose-6-phosphate can then progress through glycolysis. [1] Glycolysis only requires the input of one molecule of ATP when the glucose originates in glycogen. [1] Alternatively, glucose-6-phosphate can be converted back into glucose in the liver and the kidneys, allowing it to raise blood glucose levels if necessary. [2]

  9. Glucose uptake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_uptake

    Method of glucose uptake differs throughout tissues depending on two factors; the metabolic needs of the tissue and availability of glucose.The two ways in which glucose uptake can take place are facilitated diffusion (a passive process) and secondary active transport (an active process which on the ion-gradient which is established through the hydrolysis of ATP, known as primary active ...

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