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Typical photographic scene in full sunlight [7] [9] 7 kcd/m 2: Average clear sky [4] [5] [6] [12] 10 kcd/m 2: White illuminated cloud [6] 12 kcd/m 2: Fluorescent lamp [5] [6] 10 5: 75 kcd/m 2: Low pressure sodium-vapor lamp [6] 130 kcd/m 2: Frosted incandescent light bulb [5] [6] [12] 10 6: Mcd/m 2: 600 kcd/m 2: Solar disk at horizon [5] 10 7: ...
A full view of a typical vacuum fluorescent display used in a videocassette recorder A close-up of the VFD highlighting the multiple filaments, tensioned by the sheet metal springs at the right of the image Vacuum fluorescent display from a CD and dual cassette Hi-Fi. All segments are visible due to external ultraviolet illumination.
Mathematically, for the spectral power distribution of a radiant exitance or irradiance one may write: =where M(λ) is the spectral irradiance (or exitance) of the light (SI units: W/m 2 = kg·m −1 ·s −3); Φ is the radiant flux of the source (SI unit: watt, W); A is the area over which the radiant flux is integrated (SI unit: square meter, m 2); and λ is the wavelength (SI unit: meter, m).
Illuminants A, B, and C were introduced in 1931, with the intention of respectively representing average incandescent light, direct sunlight, and average daylight. Illuminants D (1967) represent variations of daylight, illuminant E is the equal-energy illuminant, while illuminants F (2004) represent fluorescent lamps of various composition.
As an example, certain properties of tomatoes make them appear differently under sunlight than under fluorescent light. Using the blackbody radiation equations to simulate sunlight or the emission spectrum of a fluorescent bulb in combination with the tomato's spectral reflectance curve, more accurate images of each scenario can be produced.
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Full-spectrum light is light that covers the electromagnetic spectrum from infrared to near-ultraviolet, or all wavelengths that are useful to plant or animal life; in particular, sunlight is considered full spectrum, even though the solar spectral distribution reaching Earth changes with time of day, latitude, and atmospheric conditions.
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