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Gastrin is a linear peptide hormone produced by G cells of the duodenum and in the pyloric antrum of the stomach.It is secreted into the bloodstream. The encoded polypeptide is preprogastrin, which is cleaved by enzymes in posttranslational modification to produce progastrin (an intermediate, inactive precursor) and then gastrin in various forms, primarily the following three:
A G cell or gastrin cell is a type of cell in the stomach and duodenum that secretes gastrin. It works in conjunction with gastric chief cells and parietal cells. G cells are found deep within the pyloric glands of the stomach antrum, and occasionally in the pancreas [1] and duodenum. The vagus nerve innervates the G cells.
Little gastrin: 2098: 17: Both forms of gastrin are found in the gastric antrum and duodenum: Gastrins stimulate the secretion of gastric acid, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, and secretin; stimulate intestinal mucosal growth; increase gastric and intestinal motility Big gastrin: 3839: 34: Secretin-glucagon family: Secretin: 3056: 27: Duodenum ...
Progastrin is an 80-amino acid intracellular protein and the precursor of gastrin, a gastrointestinal hormone produced by G cells in the gastric antrum. [1] The main function of gastrin is to regulate acid secretion. [2]
Enterochromaffin-like cells are enteroendocrine and neuroendocrine cells also known for their similarity to chromaffin cells secreting histamine, which stimulates G cells to secrete gastrin. Other hormones produced include cholecystokinin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, alpha and gamma-endorphin. [10] [24]
Mucous neck cells produce mucus, parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, chief cells secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase. [ 4 ] The other type of gastric gland is the pyloric gland which is an endocrine gland that secretes the hormone gastrin produced by its G cells .
Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cell found in the gastric glands of the gastric mucosa beneath the epithelium, in particular in the vicinity of parietal cells, that aid in the production of gastric acid via the release of histamine. They are also considered a type of enteroendocrine cell. [1]
Diagram showing gastric pits (13) gastric glands (12) lamina propria (10) epithelium (11) Histology of normal fundic mucosa. Fundic glands are simple, branched tubular glands that extend from the bottom of the gastric pits to the muscularis mucosae; the more distinctive cells are parietal cells. H&E stain. Histology of normal antral mucosa.