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Dawkins builds upon George C. Williams's book Adaptation and Natural Selection (1966), which argued that altruism is not based upon group benefit per se, [4] but results from selection that occurs "at the level of the gene mediated by the phenotype" [5] and that any selection at the group level occurred only under rare circumstances. [6]
In biological classification, class (Latin: classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. [a] Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order. [1]
Biostatistics (also known as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in biology. It encompasses the design of biological experiments , the collection and analysis of data from those experiments and the interpretation of the results.
The formal definition of the quadratic assignment problem is as follows: Given two sets, P ("facilities") and L ("locations"), of equal size, together with a weight function w : P × P → R and a distance function d : L × L → R. Find the bijection f : P → L ("assignment") such that the cost function:
After sharp criticism from anesthesiologists, an insurance company is halting its plan to limit the amount time it would cover anesthesia used in surgeries and procedures. Anthem Blue Cross Blue ...
The assignment problem consists of finding, in a weighted bipartite graph, a matching of a given size, in which the sum of weights of the edges is minimum. If the numbers of agents and tasks are equal, then the problem is called balanced assignment. Otherwise, it is called unbalanced assignment. [1]
Kim Kardashian's photo book, Selfish, includes 300 total selfies, but are there more cleavage or butt shots? According to Wednesday's report in New York Daily News, Kim's coffee table book will ...
The number of Americans filing new applications for jobless benefits fell more than expected last week, consistent with a gradual cooling in labor market conditions. Initial claims for state ...