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  2. Desiccated thyroid extract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiccated_thyroid_extract

    Desiccated thyroid has roughly a 4:1 ratio of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3). In humans, the ratio is 11:1. [10] A combination of various ratios of T4 and T3 might not provide benefits over T4 alone. Some controlled trials have shown inconsistent benefits of various ratios of T4 and T3. [11] [12]

  3. Iodothyronine deiodinase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodothyronine_deiodinase

    Like during fetal development, thyroid hormone levels are low in the overloaded heart tissue in a local hypothyroid state, with low levels of deiodinase 1 and deiodinase 2. Although deiodinase 3 levels in a normal heart are generally low, in cardiomyopathy deiodinase 3 activity is increased to decrease energy turnover and oxygen consumption. [7]

  4. Deiodinase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deiodinase

    Intuitively, if plasma levels of T 3 fall, there would be a compensatory rise in TSH, the secretion of which is inhibited by T 3. However, because type 2 deiodinase mediates the conversion of T 4 to T 3 within the pituitary and CNS, and because caloric restriction does not affect this enzyme, local T 3 levels in the pituitary are normal.

  5. Thyroid hormones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormones

    T 3 and T 4 are partially composed of iodine, derived from food. [2] A deficiency of iodine leads to decreased production of T 3 and T 4, enlarges the thyroid tissue and will cause the disease known as simple goitre. [3] The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine (T 4), whose half-life of around one week [4] is longer than that ...

  6. Diiodotyrosine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diiodotyrosine

    DIT is a modulator of the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (which is involved in the production of thyroid hormones). [1] Triiodothyronine is formed, when diiodotyrosine is combined with monoiodotyrosine (in the colloid of the thyroid follicle). Two molecules of DIT combine to make the thyroid hormone thyroxine ('T4' and 'T3').

  7. Sum activity of peripheral deiodinases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_activity_of_peripheral...

    SPINA-GD correlates to the T4-T3 conversion rate in slow tissue pools, as determined with isotope-based measurements in healthy volunteers. [1] It was also shown that GD correlates with resting energy expenditure, [5] body mass index [3] [6] [7] and thyrotropin levels in humans, [8] [9] and that it is reduced in nonthyroidal illness with hypodeiodination.

  8. Euthyroid sick syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthyroid_sick_syndrome

    D1, D2, and D3 regulate the levels of T4, T3, and rT3. Three primary deiodinases are responsible for thyroid hormone conversion and breakdown. Type 1 (D1) deiodinates T4 to the biologically active T3, as well as the hormonally inactive and possibly inhibitory rT3. [3] [5] Type 2 (D2) converts T4 into T3, and breaks down rT3. D3 produces rT3 ...

  9. Triiodothyronine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyronine

    At the cellular level, T 3 is the body's more active and potent thyroid hormone. [2] T 3 helps deliver oxygen and energy to all of the body's cells, its effects on target tissues being roughly four times more potent than those of T 4. [2] Of the thyroid hormone that is produced, just about 20% is T 3, whereas 80% is produced as T 4.

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