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The other carnival glass treatments made by Northwood were Emerald, Azure, Florentine, Perl, and Pomona. [5] Carnival glass is identified by the color of the glass, not the color of the treatment. Base colors for Northwood were green, amethyst, and cobalt blue. Ice green, white, and ice blue were the names of the pastel colors. [1]
As with other factories, a great amount of good quality earthenware was transfer-printed with heavily elaborate designs, mostly in a durable underglaze cobalt blue. Much of this went to the American market, and was given American designs of landscapes (the "Beauties of America" series dates to about 1820) and national heroes.
Cobalt glass—known as "smalt" when ground as a pigment—is a deep blue coloured glass prepared by including a cobalt compound, typically cobalt oxide or cobalt carbonate, in a glass melt. Cobalt is a very intense colouring agent and very little is required to show a noticeable amount of colour. Cobalt glass plates are used as an optical ...
Blue Pale to deep blue. [20] Cobalt Blue A deep shade of blue and the most sought after. [20] Independence Blue 1975-76 A cobalt blue carnival treatment made during the U.S.Bicentennial. [21] Green This color ranges from a deep green to a light yellow green. [20] Marigold A yellow orange color. [20] Red A red color that is deep when held to a ...
Cobalt blue, a pigment of cobalt oxide-aluminium oxide, was a favourite of Auguste Renoir and Vincent van Gogh. It was similar to smalt, a pigment used for centuries to make blue glass, but it was much improved by the French chemist Louis Jacques Thénard, who introduced it in 1802. It was very stable but extremely expensive.
In the early period only cobalt blue was used for decoration. The cobalt ore was probably obtained from the village of Qamsar near the town of Kashan in central Iran. [36] Qamsar had long been an important source of cobalt and is mentioned by Abū'l-Qāsim Qamsarin in his treatise. [31] From around 1520 turquoise (copper oxide) was added to the ...
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