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The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone of the skull. It connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa . It allows for the passage of the maxillary nerve (V 2 ), a branch of the trigeminal nerve .
It leaves the skull through the foramen rotundum, where it becomes more cylindrical in form, and firmer in texture. After leaving foramen rotundum it gives two branches to the pterygopalatine ganglion. It then crosses the pterygopalatine fossa, inclines lateralward on the back of the maxilla, and enters the orbit through the inferior orbital ...
Intervertebral foramen, foramina formed between vertebrae; Lesser sciatic foramen, an opening between the pelvis and the posterior thigh; Obturator foramen, the opening created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis; Vertebral foramen, the foramen formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch
The foramen rotundum is a circular aperture at its anterior and medial part; it transmits the maxillary nerve. The foramen ovale is behind and lateral to this; it transmits the mandibular nerve , the accessory meningeal artery , and sometimes the lesser petrosal nerve .
The foramen ovale is one of two cranial foramina in the greater wing, the other being the foramen spinosum. [2]: 771 The foramen ovale is posterolateral to the foramen rotundum and anteromedial to the foramen spinosum. Posterior and medial to the foramen is the opening for the carotid canal. [2]: 776
Many foramina and fissures are located in the sphenoid that carry nerves and blood vessels of the head and neck, such as the superior orbital fissure (with ophthalmic nerve), foramen rotundum (with maxillary nerve) and foramen ovale (with mandibular nerve). [7]
The earliest perfect ring-shaped formation of the foramen spinosum was observed in the eighth month after birth and the latest seven years after birth in a developmental study of the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale and foramen spinosum. The majority of the foramina in the skull studies were round in shape. [6]
foramen rotundum: middle cranial fossa: pterygoid canal (Vidian) middle cranial fossa, foramen lacerum: palatovaginal canal (pharyngeal) nasal cavity/nasopharynx: Anteriorly: inferior orbital fissure: orbit: Medially: sphenopalatine foramen: nasal cavity: Laterally: pterygomaxillary fissure: infratemporal fossa: Inferiorly: greater palatine ...