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The theorem extends to the other trigonometric functions as well. [2] For rational values of θ, the only rational values of the sine or cosine are 0, ±1/2, and ±1; the only rational values of the secant or cosecant are ±1 and ±2; and the only rational values of the tangent or cotangent are 0 and ±1. [3]
In mathematics, two non-zero real numbers a and b are said to be commensurable if their ratio a / b is a rational number; otherwise a and b are called incommensurable. (Recall that a rational number is one that is equivalent to the ratio of two integers.) There is a more general notion of commensurability in group theory.
Understanding rational points is a central goal of number theory and Diophantine geometry. For example, Fermat's Last Theorem may be restated as: for n > 2, the Fermat curve of equation + = has no other rational points than (1, 0), (0, 1), and, if n is even, (–1, 0) and (0, –1).
In mathematics, "rational" is often used as a noun abbreviating "rational number". The adjective rational sometimes means that the coefficients are rational numbers. For example, a rational point is a point with rational coordinates (i.e., a point whose coordinates are rational numbers); a rational matrix is a matrix of rational numbers; a rational polynomial may be a polynomial with rational ...
Geometry of numbers is the part of number theory which uses geometry for the study of algebraic numbers. Typically, a ring of algebraic integers is viewed as a lattice in R n , {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n},} and the study of these lattices provides fundamental information on algebraic numbers. [ 1 ]
The hyperelliptic curve defined by = (+) (+) has only finitely many rational points (such as the points (,) and (,)) by Faltings's theorem.. In mathematics, arithmetic geometry is roughly the application of techniques from algebraic geometry to problems in number theory. [1]
Fermat's theorem is equivalent to the statement that these are the only points on the curve for which both and are rational. More generally, the right triangles with rational sides and area n {\displaystyle n} correspond one-for-one with the rational points with positive y {\displaystyle y} -coordinate on the elliptic curve y 2 = x ( x + n ...
The square root of 2 is equal to the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs of length 1 and is therefore a constructible number. In geometry and algebra, a real number is constructible if and only if, given a line segment of unit length, a line segment of length | | can be constructed with compass and straightedge in a finite number of steps.
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