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In mycology a tissue or feature is said to be amyloid if it has a positive amyloid reaction when subjected to a crude chemical test using iodine as an ingredient of either Melzer's reagent or Lugol's solution, producing a blue to blue-black staining. The term "amyloid" is derived from the Latin amyloideus ("starch-like"). [1]
Melzer's reagent can be used to test whether spores are amyloid, nonamyloid, or dextrinoid. Spores that stain bluish-gray to bluish-black are amyloid; Spores that stain brown to reddish-brown are dextrinoid; This test is normally performed on white spored mushrooms. If the spores are not light colored, a change will not be readily apparent.
To date, 37 human proteins have been found to form amyloid in pathology and be associated with well-defined diseases. [2] The International Society of Amyloidosis classifies amyloid fibrils and their associated diseases based upon associated proteins (for example ATTR is the group of diseases and associated fibrils formed by TTR). [3]
Melzer's reagent is an aqueous solution of chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, and iodine.Depending on the formulation, it consists of approximately 2.50-3.75% potassium iodide and 0.75–1.25% iodine, with the remainder of the solution being 50% water and 50% chloral hydrate.
Amyloid may also refer to: Amyloid (mycology) , a chemical reaction used in characterization of fungi Amyloid (journal) , the Amyloid: the Journal of Protein Folding Disorders peer-reviewed scientific journal
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Acute-phase serum amyloid A proteins (A-SAAs) are secreted during the acute phase of inflammation.These proteins have several roles, including the transport of cholesterol to the liver for secretion into the bile, the recruitment of immune cells to inflammatory sites, and the induction of enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix.
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