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In aviation, the instrument landing system (ILS) is a precision radio navigation system that provides short-range guidance to aircraft to allow them to approach a runway at night or in bad weather. In its original form, it allows an aircraft to approach until it is 200 feet (61 m) over the ground, within a 1 ⁄ 2 mile (800 m) of the runway.
Emission patterns of the localizer and glide slope signals Glide slope station for runway 09R at Hannover Airport in Germany. In aviation, instrument landing system glide path, commonly referred to as a glide path (G/P) or glide slope (G/S), is "a system of vertical guidance embodied in the instrument landing system which indicates the vertical deviation of the aircraft from its optimum path ...
2 Carrier frequency pairings. 3 See also. 4 References. 5 External links. Toggle the table of contents. Instrument landing system glide path. 7 languages.
VORs are assigned radio channels between 108.0 MHz and 117.95 MHz (with 50 kHz spacing); this is in the very high frequency (VHF) range. The first 4 MHz is shared with the instrument landing system (ILS) band. In the United States, frequencies within the pass band of 108.00 to 111.95 MHz which have an even 100 kHz first digit after the decimal ...
An approach plate for the ILS or LOC approach to runway 14L at Cologne Bonn Airport, Germany.. Approach plates (or, more formally, instrument approach procedure charts) are the printed or digital charts of instrument approach procedures that pilots use to fly instrument approaches during instrument flight rules (IFR) operations.
Localizer as component of an ILS (KMEZ runway 27, Mena, Arkansas) Emission patterns of the localizer and glide path signals. An instrument landing system localizer, or simply localizer (LOC, [1] or LLZ prior to 2007 [2]), is a system of horizontal guidance in the instrument landing system, which is used to guide aircraft along the axis of the runway.
Precision approach radar or PAR is a type of radar guidance system designed to provide lateral and vertical guidance to an aircraft pilot for landing, until the landing threshold is reached. [1] Controllers monitoring the PAR displays observe each aircraft 's position and issue instructions to the pilot that keep the aircraft on course and ...
The techniques used for navigation in the air will depend on whether the aircraft is flying under visual flight rules (VFR) or instrument flight rules (IFR). In the latter case, the pilot will navigate exclusively using instruments and radio navigation aids such as beacons, or as directed under radar control by air traffic control.