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The work, a departure from machine-made commercial cutlery and hollowware, was named Martelé, from the French verb marteler, "to hammer".The line was made from 1896 through the 1930s by the Gorham Manufacturing Company of Providence, Rhode Island under the direction of Gorham's chief executive, Edward Holbrook, and his chief designer, William Christmas Codman who was brought over from England ...
WMF was originally called Metallwarenfabrik Straub & Schweizer and was opened as a metal repairing workshop. Through mergers and acquisitions, by 1900 they were the world's largest producer and exporter of household metalware, mainly in the Jugendstil, or Art Nouveau style, designed in the WMF Art Studio under Albert Mayer, sculptor and designer, who was director from 1884 to 1914.
Created by masters of their craft, the best of these coffee pots were done in silver (which does not rust or tarnish easily) and were often intricately decorated. [2] [3] [4] [1] François Thomas Germain was a widely noted master silversmith and metal worker in mid-18th-century Paris.
Later coffee tables were designed as low tables, and this idea may have come from the Ottoman Empire, based on the tables in use in tea gardens. As the Anglo-Japanese style was popular in Britain throughout the 1870s and 1880s, [ 5 ] and low tables were common in Japan , this seems to be an equally likely source for the concept of a long low table.
South American metal working seems to have developed in the Andean region of modern Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, and Argentina with gold and native copper being hammered and shaped into intricate objects, particularly ornaments. [1] [5] Recent finds date the earliest gold work to 2155–1936 BC. [1] and the earliest copper work to 1432–1132 BC.
Copper was hammered until it became brittle, then heated so it could be worked further. In America, this technology is dated to about 4000–5000 BCE. [3] The oldest gold artifacts in the world come from the Bulgarian Varna Necropolis and date from 4450 BCE. Not all metal required fire to obtain it or work it.
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