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  2. Water-reactive substances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-reactive_substances

    Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .

  3. Solvated electron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvated_electron

    Solvated electrons are involved in the reaction of alkali metals with water, even though the solvated electron has only a fleeting existence. [10] Below pH = 9.6 the hydrated electron reacts with the hydronium ion giving atomic hydrogen, which in turn can react with the hydrated electron giving hydroxide ion and usual molecular hydrogen H 2. [11]

  4. Coulomb explosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb_explosion

    A Coulomb explosion is a "cold" alternative to the dominant laser etching technique of thermal ablation, which depends on local heating, melting, and vaporization of molecules and atoms using less-intense beams.

  5. Alkali metal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

    The alkali metals also react with water to form strongly alkaline hydroxides and thus should be handled with great care. The heavier alkali metals react more vigorously than the lighter ones; for example, when dropped into water, caesium produces a larger explosion than potassium if the same number of moles of each metal is used.

  6. Potassium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium

    Potassium metal can react violently with water producing KOH and hydrogen gas. 2 K(s) + 2 H 2 O(l) → 2 KOH(aq) + H 2 (g)↑ A reaction of potassium metal with water. Hydrogen is produced, and with potassium vapor, burns with a pink or lilac flame. Strongly alkaline potassium hydroxide is formed in solution.

  7. Reactivity series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactivity_series

    The order of reactivity, as shown by the vigour of the reaction with water or the speed at which the metal surface tarnishes in air, appears to be Cs > K > Na > Li > alkaline earth metals, i.e., alkali metals > alkaline earth metals, the same as the reverse order of the (gas-phase) ionization energies.

  8. Reactivity (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactivity_(chemistry)

    In fact, the rate of reaction of alkali metals (as evidenced by their reaction with water for example) is a function not only of position within the group but also of particle size. Hydrogen does not react with oxygen—even though the equilibrium constant is very large—unless a flame initiates the radical reaction, which leads to an explosion.

  9. Rubidium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium

    Rubidium, being denser than potassium, sinks in water, reacting violently; caesium explodes on contact with water. [18] However, the reaction rates of all alkali metals depend upon surface area of metal in contact with water, with small metal droplets giving explosive rates. [19] Rubidium has also been reported to ignite spontaneously in air. [11]