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  2. Sociometric status - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociometric_status

    Sociometric status is a measurement that reflects the degree to which someone is liked or disliked by their peers as a group. While there are some studies that have looked at sociometric status among adults, the measure is primarily used with children and adolescents to make inferences about peer relations and social competence.

  3. Dominance hierarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy

    A high-ranking male mandrill advertises his status with bright facial coloration. [1]In the zoological field of ethology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system.

  4. Taxonomic rank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomic_rank

    In biology, taxonomic rank (which some authors prefer to call nomenclatural rank [1] because ranking is part of nomenclature rather than taxonomy proper, according to some definitions of these terms) is the relative or absolute level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a hierarchy that reflects evolutionary

  5. Species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species

    The hierarchy of biological classification's eight major taxonomic ranks. A genus contains one or more species. Minor intermediate ranks are not shown. A species (pl.: species) is a population of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. [1]

  6. Status attainment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_attainment

    Peter M. Blau (1918–2002) and Otis Duncan (1921–2004) were the first sociologists to isolate the concept of status attainment. Their initial thesis stated that the lower the level from which a person starts, the greater is the probability that he will be upwardly mobile, simply because many more occupational destinations entail upward mobility for men with low origins than for those with ...

  7. Mate choice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mate_choice

    Mate choice is highly visible in lek mating.Here, black grouse males gather in a quagmire and the females then arrive and observe the male before choosing one. Mate choice is one of the primary mechanisms under which evolution can occur.

  8. Biological rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_rules

    The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.

  9. Biological organisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_organisation

    A population of bees shimmers in response to a predator. Biological organisation is the organisation of complex biological structures and systems that define life using a reductionistic approach. [1]