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British subjects without right of abode are subject to immigration controls when entering the United Kingdom. [48] They are required to pay an immigration health surcharge to access National Health Service benefits when residing in the UK for longer than six months [62] and do not qualify for most welfare programmes. [63]
All persons who became British citizens on or since 1 January 1983 have the right of abode in the British Islands. Commonwealth citizens and British subjects who retained their right of abode prior to 1983. Right of abode is also retained by a Commonwealth citizen or a British subject who, on 31 December 1982:
The Act introduced a number of changes to the immigration appeals process, most notably restricting the right of appeal for refusal of entry clearance in cases where the subject intends to enter the country as a dependent, a visitor or a student. This leaves the only grounds for appeal open to human rights and race discrimination reasons.
British Overseas citizens are subject to immigration controls and have neither the right of abode or the right to work in the United Kingdom. [40] BOCs are required to pay an immigration health surcharge to access National Health Service benefits when residing in the UK for longer than six months. [58]
On 1 June 2004, a second Order in Council was produced—the British Indian Ocean Territory (Constitution) Order 2004—Section 9 of which provided that "no person has the right of abode in the territory" and "no person is entitled to enter or be present in the territory except as authorised by or under this Order or any other law for the time ...
The right of abode is an individual's freedom from immigration control in a particular country.A person who has the right of abode in a country does not need permission from the government to enter the country and can live and work there without restriction, and is immune from removal and deportation (unless the right of abode has been revoked).
Indefinite leave to remain (ILR) is an immigration status granted to a person who does not hold the right of abode in the United Kingdom (UK), but who has been admitted to the UK without any time limit on their stay and who is free to take up employment, engage in business, self-employment, or study.
Nationals of this class are subject to immigration controls when entering the United Kingdom and do not have the automatic right of abode there or any other country. This nationality was created to accommodate residents of certain areas that were under British protection or administration but not formally incorporated as Crown dominions.