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Logic (from the Greek "logos", which has a variety of meanings including word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason or principle) is the study of reasoning, or the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.
Logic studies valid forms of inference like modus ponens. Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises based on the structure of arguments alone, independent of their topic and ...
A branch of logic that studies the categorization of objects and the logical foundations of categories, often using the framework of category theory. categorical proposition A proposition that asserts or denies that all or some of the members of one category are included in another category, fundamental in syllogistic reasoning. categorical ...
Logic is the formal science of using reason and is considered a branch of both philosophy and mathematics and to a lesser extent computer science. Logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of formal systems of inference and the study of arguments in natural language .
In this regard, logical reasoning should be skeptical and open-minded at the same time. [120] On the practical level, logical reasoning concerns the issue of making rational and effective decisions. [114] [115] For many real-life decisions, various courses of action are available to the agent. For each possible action, there can be conflicting ...
Categorical logic is the branch of mathematics in which tools and concepts from category theory are applied to the study of mathematical logic. It is also notable for its connections to theoretical computer science. [1] In broad terms, categorical logic represents both syntax and semantics by a category, and an interpretation by a functor.
Types of propositional fallacies: Affirming a disjunct – concluding that one disjunct of a logical disjunction must be false because the other disjunct is true; A or B; A, therefore not B. [10] Affirming the consequent – the antecedent in an indicative conditional is claimed to be true because the consequent is true; if A, then B; B ...
This is a non-diffusing subcategory of Category:Outlines. It includes Outlines that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. Each entry below is an outline , an introduction to a subject structured as a hierarchical list of the essential points.