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The input–process–output model. The input–process–output (IPO) model, or input-process-output pattern, is a widely used approach in systems analysis and software engineering for describing the structure of an information processing program or other process. Many introductory programming and systems analysis texts introduce this as the ...
The context-input-process-output (CIPO) model is a basic systems model of school functioning, which can be applied to several levels within education, namely system level, school level and classroom level. [1] The model also functions as analytical framework through which the educational quality can be reviewed. [2]
The input–process–output (IPO) model of teams provides a framework for conceptualizing teams. The IPO model suggests that many factors influence a team's productivity and cohesiveness . It "provides a way to understand how teams perform, and how to maximize their performance".
HIPO model (hierarchical input process output model) is a systems analysis design aid and documentation technique from the 1970s, [1] used for representing the modules of a system as a hierarchy and for documenting each module.
A sample system context diagram using Hatley–Pirbhai modeling. Hatley–Pirbhai modeling is a system modeling technique based on the input–process–output model (IPO model), which extends the IPO model by adding user interface processing and maintenance and self-testing processing.
The CIPP framework was developed as a means of linking evaluation with program decision-making.It aims to provide an analytic and rational basis for program decision-making, based on a cycle of planning, structuring, implementing and reviewing and revising decisions, each examined through a different aspect of evaluation –context, input, process and product evaluation.
The understanding of a black box is based on the "explanatory principle", the hypothesis of a causal relation between the input and the output. This principle states that input and output are distinct, that the system has observable (and relatable) inputs and outputs and that the system is black to the observer (non-openable). [9]
2.2 Further research. ... an input–output model is a quantitative ... Because the data collection and preparation process for the input–output accounts is ...